Basic English Learning Materials 2 - Bahasa Inggris 8

Basic English Learning Materials (Part 2)

1. Intonation: The Music of English

Intonation is the rise and fall of your voice when you speak. It's like the music of the language. Using the wrong intonation can make you sound rude, bored, or confusing, even if your grammar is perfect.

There are two main patterns:

A. Falling Intonation ( ↘ )
The voice goes down at the end of the sentence. It sounds finished and certain.

Used for:
1. Regular Statements (Facts & Opinions):
  - "My name is Anna.↘"
  - "I live in Jakarta.↘"
2. Information (Wh-) Questions:
  - "What's your name?↘"
  - "Where do you live?↘"
  - "When does the class start?↘"
3. Commands:
  - "Sit down.↘"
  - "Close the door.↘"

B. Rising Intonation ( ↗ )
The voice goes up at the end of the sentence. It sounds unfinished and questioning.

Used for:
1. Yes/No Questions:
  - "Are you tired?↗"
  - "Do you like pizza?↗"
  - "Did she call you?↗"
2. To Show Surprise or Doubt:
  - "Really?↗" (I don't believe you)
3. Listing Items (voice rises on each item, falls on the last):
  - "I bought apples↗, bananas↗, and oranges.↘"

2. Simple Present Tense

This tense is used to talk about habits, routines, facts, and general truths.

A. Form:

With most subjects (I, You, We, They, Plural Nouns): Use the base form of the verb.
- "I work every day."
- "They play football on Sundays."
With 3rd person singular (He, She, It, Singular Nouns): Add -s or -es to the verb.
- "He works in an office."
- "She watches TV at night."
- "My father goes to the market."

B. Common Uses & Time Expressions:

Habits & Routines: "I brush my teeth twice a day."
Facts & General Truths: "The sun rises in the east."
Permanent Situations: "She lives in London."
Key Time Words: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week/month, on Mondays.

C. Examples:

Positive: "They study English."
Negative: "They do not (don't) study French."
Question: "Do they study English? Yes, they do."

3. Simple Past Tense

This tense is used to talk about actions or situations that started and finished at a specific time in the past.

A. Form:

Regular Verbs: Add -ed to the base verb.
- work -> worked
- play -> played
- watch -> watched
- study -> studied (consonant + y -> ied)
Irregular Verbs: You must memorize them! They change form.
- go -> went
- eat -> ate
- see -> saw
- buy -> bought
- be -> was (I, he, she, it) / were (you, we, they)

B. Common Uses & Time Expressions:

Completed Actions in the Past: "I finished my homework last night."
A Series of Completed Actions: "I woke up, brushed my teeth, and had breakfast."
Past Habits: "When I was a child, I played tennis every week."
Key Time Words: yesterday, last night/week/month/year, two days ago, in 2010, when I was young.

C. Examples:

Positive (Regular): "She watched a movie yesterday."
Positive (Irregular): "He ate pizza for dinner."
Negative: "She did not (didn't) watch TV." / "He didn't eat rice."
Question: "Did she watch a movie? Yes, she did." / "Did he eat pizza? No, he didn't."

Quick Comparison: Present vs. Past

Aspect	Simple Present Tense	Simple Past Tense
Use	Habits, routines, facts	Finished actions in the past
Key Word	every day, usually	yesterday, last week
Example (Positive)	"I walk to school every day."	"I walked to school yesterday."
Example (Negative)	"I don't walk to school."	"I didn't walk to school."
Example (Question)	"Do you walk to school?"	"Did you walk to school?"

PRESENSI

BuSet Agustus 20, 2025 Tags : Bahasa Inggris