4. Telling the Time
A. The Basics:
o'clock: used only for exact hours.
"It's three o'clock." (03:00 / 15:00)
a.m. (ante meridiem): from midnight to noon (00:01 - 11:59)
p.m. (post meridiem): from noon to midnight (12:01 - 23:59)
B. Common Structures:
Hour + Minutes (The easiest way)
6:25 -> "Six twenty-five"
10:10 -> "Ten ten"
Minutes + past/to + Hour
Past (for minutes 01-30): "10 past 6" (6:10)
To (for minutes 31-59): "20 to 7" (6:40)
Quarter (15 minutes): "A quarter past three" (3:15)
Half (30 minutes): "Half past five" (5:30). Note: We don't say "half to".
C. Asking for the Time:
"What time is it?"
"Excuse me, do you have the time?"
"Could you tell me the time, please?"
5. WH Questions
These are question words used to ask for specific information.
| Question Word | Function | Example Answer |
|---|---|---|
| What | Asking for things, actions, or general information. | "What is that?" -> "It's a book." |
| Who | Asking for a person (subject). | "Who is she?" -> "She is my teacher." |
| Where | Asking for a place or location. | "Where is the library?" -> "It's over there." |
| When | Asking for a time or date. | "When is your birthday?" -> "It's in July." |
| Why | Asking for a reason. | "Why are you late?" -> "Because my car broke down." |
| How | Asking for manner, condition, or quality. | "How are you?" -> "I'm fine, thank you." |
| How old | Asking for age. | "How old are you?" -> "I am 15 years old." |
| How many | Asking for quantity (countable nouns). | "How many pencils do you have?" -> "I have three." |
| How much | Asking for quantity (uncountable nouns) or price. | "How much water do you need?" -> "A lot." / "How much is it?" -> "It's $5." |
6. School Subjects
| Subject | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Mathematics (Maths) | Matematika |
| English | Bahasa Inggris |
| Science | Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) |
| Biology | Biologi |
| Physics | Fisika |
| Chemistry | Kimia |
| History | Sejarah |
| Geography | Geografi |
| Art | Seni |
| Physical Education (PE) | Olahraga |
| Music | Musik |
| Computer Science / ICT | Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) |
| Religion | Pendidikan Agama |
| Civics / Citizenship | Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) |
Example:
"My favorite subject is Physics because it is interesting."
"I have Geography on Tuesday and Thursday."
7. Instructions (Classroom Instructions)
These are common commands or requests from a teacher.
| Instruction | Meaning & Response |
|---|---|
| Please listen. / Listen carefully. | Dengarkan. -> (Students stop talking and listen) |
| Repeat after me. | Ulangi setelah saya. -> (Students repeat what the teacher says) |
| Open your book to page [number]. | Buka bukumu halaman [angka]. -> (Students open their books) |
| Close your book. | Tutup bukumu. |
| Look at the board. | Lihatlah ke papan tulis. |
| Write this down. | Tulislah ini. -> (Students get ready to write) |
| Work in pairs. / Find a partner. | Bekerjalah berpasangan. -> (Students find a partner) |
| Work in groups. | Bekerjalah dalam kelompok. |
| Can you answer the question? | Bisakah kamu menjawab pertanyaannya? -> (Student tries to answer) |
| Do you understand? | Apakah kamu mengerti? -> "Yes" or "No, can you repeat that?" |
| Any questions? | Ada pertanyaan? -> (Students ask if they have one) |
| Line up, please. | Berbaris, please. -> (Students form a line) |
| Be quiet, please. | Harap tenang. -> (Students stop talking) |
| Hand in your homework. | Kumpulkan pekerjaan rumahmu. -> (Students give their work to the teacher) |
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